Interior page draft for Dr. Naratadam · I-589 asylum
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Asylum, and how trauma presents.

The standard at issueA well-founded fear of persecution on account of a protected ground.

Trauma shapes memory, disclosure and demeanour. At hearing, those effects are routinely read as inconsistency rather than as symptoms. The evaluation puts that on the record before anyone else characterises it.

Where the evidence sitsIllustrative · not case data
CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT EXPECTED RANGE INTRUSIONAVOIDANCEAROUSALMOODDISSOC.MEMORYVALIDITY
Case profile Ordinary range Above the standard
PTSD
Assessed with normed trauma inventories
EN / ES
Conducted in the client's own language
7–10 days
Report turnaround, business days
DAPS
Trauma severity, measured not described
What the record usually misses

A fragmented account is a symptom before it is a contradiction.

Where trauma explains the gaps, the report says so in terms an adjudicator can weigh.

What the evaluation establishes

What the evaluation documents.

Persecution leaves effects that are measurable. Each is assessed directly rather than inferred from the narrative.

Factor 01

Trauma sequelae

Intrusion, avoidance, hyperarousal and negative alterations in mood and cognition, measured against norms rather than described in adjectives.

Factor 02

Disclosure and memory

Why an account may emerge in fragments, out of order, or late. This is the part most often mistaken for untruthfulness.

Factor 03

Presentation at hearing

Flat affect, detachment and difficulty making eye contact are trauma responses. Left unexplained they read as indifference.

Factor 04

Functional impairment

Sleep, concentration, work and parenting. What the person can no longer do is often more probative than what they report feeling.

Factor 05

Country context

How conditions in the country of origin map onto the symptoms actually presenting.

Factor 06

Response validity

Symptom validity is tested and reported, so the question is answered by the evaluation rather than by opposing counsel.

Instruments

What gets measured on an asylum case.

Chosen against the referral question, administered and scored by the evaluator, and reported with what each measure was selected to answer.

Trauma and symptom picture
  • DAPSDetailed Assessment of Posttraumatic Stress
    Severity of trauma symptoms
  • MMPI-3Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-3
    The broad personality and symptom picture
  • BDI-IIBeck Depression Inventory-II
    Depression
  • BAIBeck Anxiety Inventory
    Anxiety
  • SIMSStructured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology
    Whether symptoms are being exaggerated

The SIMS matters most to a case like this. Adjudicators are alert to overstatement, so the report answers that question directly rather than leaving it to be raised.

Corroborating measures
  • Clinical interviewSemi-structured, across sessions
    Paced so disclosure is not forced
  • Mental status examinationObserved presentation
    Affect, orientation, thought process
  • Functional reviewSleep, work, parenting, concentration
    What has changed since the events
  • Collateral recordsWhere counsel provides them
    Consistency across independent sources
  • Interpreter-free interviewConducted in Spanish where needed
    Nothing lost through a third party

Conducting the interview directly in the client's language matters here more than anywhere. Trauma narratives lose detail through an interpreter.

The deliverable

What counsel receives.

Four parts, in this order, written to the standard your filing turns on.

Part 01

Background & history

Migration history, family structure, medical and caregiving load, and what is actually at stake.

Part 02

Clinical findings

Mental status, symptom picture, and functional impairment, gathered across one or more sessions in the client’s own language.

Part 03

Test results

Scored and normed instrument data, presented with what each measure was chosen to answer, including response validity.

Part 04

Opinion & basis

The conclusion, the reasoning behind it, and the limits of what the evaluation can support. Testimony available.

Credibility matters. Our evaluations address it directly.

A response-validity measure tests whether symptoms are being overstated. Including it means the report answers that question directly, rather than leaving it for opposing counsel to raise at hearing.

Where the account is inconsistent, the report addresses whether trauma explains it. That is a clinical question, and leaving it unanswered concedes it.

Speed

Turnaround matters when a filing deadline is approaching.

Scheduling within a few days. Expedited when a filing deadline requires it.

Published by a page-one Chicago practice
21

days to a completed report

Fresh Psychological Beginnings
7–10

business days after the evaluation, and often sooner

Turnaround is measured from the completed evaluation to the delivered report. Scheduling is separate and usually happens within a few days.

Other filings

Every filing asks a different question.

Discuss the case before you refer it.

The pre-referral conversation costs nothing. If an evaluation is not indicated for the case, you should hear that first.